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[[three-declaring-repositories]]
= 3. Declaring repositories

Gradle needs to know where it can download the dependencies used in the project.

For example, the `com.google.guava:guava:30.0-jre` dependency can be downloaded from the public Maven Central repository `mavenCentral()`.
Gradle will find and download the `guava` source code (as a `jar`) from Maven Central and use it build the project.

You can add any number of repositories for your dependencies by configuring the `repositories` block in your `build.gradle(.kts)` file:

====
[.multi-language-sample]
=====
[source,kotlin]
.build.gradle.kts
----
repositories {
    mavenCentral()  // <1>
    maven {         // <2>
        url = uri("https://company/com/maven2")
    }
    mavenLocal()    // <3>
    flatDir {       // <4>
        dirs("libs")
    }
}
----
<1> Public repository
<2> Private/Custom repository
<3> Local repository
<4> File location
=====
[.multi-language-sample]
=====
[source,groovy]
.build.gradle
----
repositories {
    mavenCentral()  // <1>
    maven {         // <2>
        url = uri("https://company/com/maven2")
    }
    mavenLocal()    // <3>
    flatDir {       // <4>
        dirs "libs"
    }
}
----
<1> Public repository
<2> Private/Custom repository
<3> Local repository
<4> File location
=====
====

Gradle can resolve dependencies from one or many repositories based on Maven, Ivy or flat directory formats.

If a library is available from more than one of the listed repositories, Gradle will simply pick the first one.

[[sub:declaring-public-repository-basics]]
== Declaring a public repository

Organizations building software may want to leverage public binary repositories to download and consume open source dependencies.
Popular public repositories include link:https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/[Maven Central] and the link:https://maven.google.com/[Google Android] repository.

Gradle provides built-in shorthand notations for these widely-used repositories:

====
[.multi-language-sample]
=====
[source,kotlin]
.build.gradle.kts
----
repositories {
    mavenCentral()
    google()
    gradlePluginPortal()
}
----
=====
[.multi-language-sample]
=====
[source,groovy]
.build.gradle
----
repositories {
    mavenCentral()
    google()
    gradlePluginPortal()
}
----
=====
====

Under the covers Gradle resolves dependencies from the respective URL of the public repository defined by the shorthand notation.
All shorthand notations are available via the link:{groovyDslPath}/org.gradle.api.artifacts.dsl.RepositoryHandler.html[RepositoryHandler] API.

[[sub:declaring-custom-repository-basics]]
== Declaring a private or custom repository

Most enterprise projects establish a binary repository accessible only within their intranet.
In-house repositories allow teams to publish internal binaries, manage users and security, and ensure uptime and availability.

Specifying a custom URL is useful for declaring less popular but publicly-available repositories.
Repositories with custom URLs can be specified as Maven or Ivy repositories by calling the corresponding methods available on the link:{groovyDslPath}/org.gradle.api.artifacts.dsl.RepositoryHandler.html[RepositoryHandler] API:

====
[.multi-language-sample]
=====
[source,kotlin]
.build.gradle.kts
----
repositories {
    maven {
        url = uri("https://maven-central.storage.apis.com")
    }
    ivy {
        url = uri("https://github.com/ivy-rep/")
    }
}
----
=====
[.multi-language-sample]
=====
[source,groovy]
.build.gradle
----
repositories {
    maven {
        url = uri("https://maven-central.storage.apis.com")
    }
    ivy {
        url = uri("https://github.com/ivy-rep/")
    }
}
----
=====
====

[[sub:declaring-local-repository]]
== Declaring a local repository

Gradle can consume dependencies available in a link:https://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-repositories.html[local Maven repository].

To declare the local Maven cache as a repository, add this to your build script:

====
include::sample[dir="snippets/artifacts/defineRepository/kotlin",files="build.gradle.kts[tags=maven-local]"]
include::sample[dir="snippets/artifacts/defineRepository/groovy",files="build.gradle[tags=maven-local]"]
====

[[sub:understanding-repository-types]]
== Understanding supported repository types

Gradle supports a wide range of sources for dependencies, both in terms of format and in terms of connectivity.
You may resolve dependencies from:

* Different formats
** a <<supported_repository_types.adoc#sec:maven-repo,Maven compatible>> artifact repository (e.g: Maven Central)
** an <<supported_repository_types.adoc#sec:ivy-repositories,Ivy compatible>> artifact repository (including custom layouts)
** <<supported_repository_types.adoc#sec:flat-dir-resolver,local (flat) directories>>
* with different connectivity
** <<supported_repository_protocols.adoc#sec:authentication-schemes, authenticated repositories>>
** a wide variety of <<supported_repository_protocols.adoc#supported-transport-protocols,remote protocols>> such as HTTPS, SFTP, AWS S3 and Google Cloud Storage based on the presence of artifacts.

Here is a quick snapshot:

[source,groovy]
.build.gradle
----
repositories {

    // Ivy Repository with Custom Layout
    ivy {
        url = 'https://your.ivy.repo/url'
        layout 'pattern', {
            ivy '[organisation]/[module]/[revision]/[type]s/[artifact]-[revision].[ext]'
            artifact '[organisation]/[module]/[revision]/[type]s/[artifact]-[revision].[ext]'
        }
    }

    // Authenticated HTTPS Maven Repository
    maven {
        url = 'https://your.secure.repo/url'
        credentials {
            username = 'your-username'
            password = 'your-password'
        }
    }

    // SFTP Repository
    maven {
        url = 'sftp://your.sftp.repo/url'
        credentials {
            username = 'your-username'
            password = 'your-password'
        }
    }

    // AWS S3 Repository
    maven {
        url = "s3://your-bucket/repository-path"
        credentials(AwsCredentials) {
            accessKey = 'your-access-key'
            secretKey = 'your-secret-key'
        }
    }

    // Google Cloud Storage Repository
    maven {
        url = "gcs://your-bucket/repository-path"
    }
}
----

[.text-right]
**Next Step:** <<centralizing_dependencies.adoc#four-centralizing-dependencies,Learn about Centralizing Dependencies>> >>
